Bhagwad Gita - Post 120

Verse 4

Buddhir jnaanamasammohah

Kshamaa satyam damah shamah;

Sukham duhkham bhavo’bhaavo

Bhayam chaabhayameva cha.

Intellect, wisdom, non-delusion, forgiveness, truth, self-restraint, calmness, happiness, pain, birth or existence, death or non-existence, fear and also fearlessness.

Verse 5 

Ahimsaa samataa tushtistapo

Daanam yasho’yashah;

Bhavanti bhaavaa bhootaanaam

Matta eva prithagvidhaah.

Non-injury, equanimity, contentment, austerity, fame, beneficence, ill-fame—(these)different kinds of qualities of beings arise from Me alone.

In these two verses, Lord Krishna continues to confirm His Supreme Lordship and absolute dominion over all that exists in creation. Here, he mentions twenty emotions that manifest in a variety of degrees and combinations in different people to form the individual fabric of human nature. He declares that the various moods, temperaments, and dispositions of humankind all emanate from him.

Buddhi is the ability to analyze things in their proper perspective.

Jñānam is the ability to discriminate spiritual from material.

Asammoham is the absence of confusion.

Kṣhamā is the ability to forgive those who have harmed us.

Satyam is the veracity to declare the truth for the benefit of all.

Dam means restraining the senses from the sense objects.

Śham is restraint and control of the mind.

Sukham is the emotion of joy and delight.

Duḥkham is the emotion of sorrow and affliction.

Bhavaḥ is the perception of one’s existence “I am.”

Abhāvaḥ is the experience of death.

Bhaya is the fear of oncoming difficulties.

Abhaya is freedom from fear.

Ahinsā is abstinence from harming any being through word, deed, or thought.

Samatā is equanimity in good and bad situations.

Tuṣhṭi is feeling content in whatever comes by ones karma.

Tapa is voluntary austerities for spiritual benefit, in accordance with the Vedas.

Dān is giving in charity to one who is worthy.

Yaśh is fame arising from possessing good qualities.

Ayaśh is infamy for possessing bad qualities.

Sri Krishna concludes this topic by asserting that all of these qualities are generated in us by none other than Easwara. However, there is a set of rules that govern the creation of these qualities. It does not happen randomly or in an ad-hoc manner. It is our karma or actions that determine which qualities or states will arise within us. 

These qualities are almost a complete classification of the entire world-of-beings and their fields of experiences, and therefore, as Sankara observes, we can consider these two stanzas as an exhaustive commentary upon the Self's status as the Lord of the worlds (Sarva-loka-maheshwarah).

Love.

Bhagwad Gita - Post 119

Verse 4

Buddhir jnaanamasammohah

Kshamaa satyam damah shamah;

Sukham duhkham bhavo’bhaavo

Bhayam chaabhayameva cha.

Intellect, wisdom, non-delusion, forgiveness, truth, self-restraint, calmness, happiness, pain, birth or existence, death or non-existence, fear and also fearlessness,

Verse 5 

Ahimsaa samataa tushtistapo

Daanam yasho’yashah;

Bhavanti bhaavaa bhootaanaam

Matta eva prithagvidhaah.

Non-injury, equanimity, contentment, austerity, fame, beneficence, ill-fame—(these)different kinds of qualities of beings arise from Me alone.

Verse 6

Maharshayah sapta poorve

Chatwaaro manavastathaa;

Madbhaavaa maanasaa jaataa

Yeshaam loka imaah prajaah.

The seven great sages, the ancient four and also the Manus, possessed of powers like Me (on account of their minds being fixed on Me), were born of (My) mind; from them are these creatures born in this world.

Dear All,

Before proceeding with the commentary on the above verses  and in fact for all the verses of this chapter, it is worthwhile to refresh ourselves with the following extract taken from a previous theme post.

Three questions were put forth by the author on behalf of the readers / aspirants, in  a post under "Creation of the Universe” theme. 

1.    What is the God existence to be realized by a Jiva as culmination of Sadhana?

2.  Does God exist in universe after creating universe??

3.  What is God consciousness or Brahman actually???

In the above questions, the second question is most relevant, as this chapter is all about God existing in each and every aspect created by Him / That.

And, the answer was given, which in itself is the essence of vedanta.

"The Isavasya Upanishad says that the whole Universe is pervaded by Iswara or God, who is both within and without it. He is the moving and the unmoving, He is far and near, He is within all these and without all these."

Now, let us devote time in reading and then absorbing the same in early morning hours, in total silence, with pure mind, on one portion of the above expression "WITHIN"!!

Author is recapitulating the following part from a post under the theme "Creation of Universe".

"Suppose there is a big boulder, a stone. You see the stone; it

is very hard and heavy, and you can touch it as a solid object. 

Bring a sufficiently powerful microscope and look at this stone. You will find that the stone is a heap of very minute, fly-like, insect-like entities called molecules. It is a heap of certain things, and not one solid object.

Bring another, more powerful microscope, more powerful than the earlier one. Even the molecules will not be seen there. There will be still finer elements looking like almost non-cognizable particles which are called atoms.

Bring a still more powerful microscope. You will find that even these little particles melt into a continuum of energy, or force, which impinges on the energy center which are other atoms. It looks as if there is one sea of force everywhere, an indistinguishable continuum.

What has happened to the stone?

Can you say that this sea of force, these atoms, one day thought: “Let us become a stone”? 

If the atoms have really become the stone, they will not be there for you to see through the microscope. 

These so-called ‘things’ – molecules, atoms, energy centre  etc. – never became the stone. They were never transformed into the stone. They did not create the stone. They exist and have always existed in the same condition as they were when you perceived them through a powerful perception.”

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Dear All, 

What do we learn from the above profound revelation??

If we take the STONE referred in the above answer as equal to each and every living and non-living part created in this creation, then God is present as the “CONTINUUM OF ENERGY” explained in the above answer.

A Jivanmukhta is the one who realizes and experiences intuitively the “CONTINUUM OF ENERGY” within him and in this entire creation which is THE ATMAN. 

With this grand revelation, we will understand that in this entire chapter, Krishna means “the presence of continuum of energy” or “the SELF”  in each and everything mentioned in various verses . 

Love.

Bhagwad Gita - Post 118

Verse 3

Yo maamajamanaadim cha

Vetti lokamaheshwaram;

Asammoodhah sa martyeshu

Sarvapaapaih pramuchyate.

He who knows Me as unborn and beginningless, as the great Lord of the worlds, he, among mortals, is undeluded; he is liberated from all sins.

THE LORD OF ALL THE WORLDS (SARVA-LOKAMAHESHWARAH)

'Loka' comes from a root meaning 'to experience', and therefore, the world should, in its full import, mean 'a field for experiencing'. Usually, it is mistaken as the "field of experiences" that one revels in at all levels of one’s  body, my mind and my intellect.

In reality, Pure Awareness or Consciousness, without which we are dead to the world, with which we  perceive the world and live in it actively, should necessarily be the Presiding Chieftain that rules with His Grace, our  'loka'. 

To make the distinction between the Souls and Himself, Shree Krishna declares that He is loka maheśhwaram (the great Lord of all the abodes of existence). The same declaration has been made in the Śhwetāśhvatara Upaniṣhad:

Tamīśhwarāṇāṁ paramaṁ maheśhwaraṁ

Taṁ devatānāṁ paramaṁ cha daivataṁ

Patiṁ patīnāṁ paramaṁ parastād

Vidāma devaṁ bhuvaneśhmīḍyam (6.7)[v3]

“The Supreme Lord is the Controller of all controllers; he is the God of all gods. He is the Beloved of all beloveds; he is the Ruler of the world, and beyond the material energy.”

The Self being the same everywhere, the Atman that rules my world is the Atman that rules the worlds of all individuals. The entire universe is the sum total of the worlds of experience of each individual, and evidently, the 'ruler' that governs the entire Universe must necessarily be the Absolute Self Itself. 

HE WHO KNOWS ME AS BIRTHLESS, BEGINNINGLESS AND AS THE GREAT LORD OF THE WORLDS.

A major session was  taken few months earlier on the following  verse from Taittriya Upanishad

Om Brahmavid aapnoti param  

Tad eshabhyukta

Satyam Jnanam Anantam Brahma

Yo veda nihitam guhayaam parame vyoman

Sa ashnute sarvaan kamaan  

Saha brahmana vipaschiti iti

OM. The knower of brahman attains the supreme.  with reference to that, there is this following hymn stated.

Brahman is truth (Sathyam), knowledge ( Jnanam) & infinity ( Anantam).

He who knows that it exists in the cave of the heart,  in the transcendent akasa, realizes all his desires, along with omniscient brahman.

In this session, while explaining SATHYAM or SATH, Six levels  were explained.

First Level: Astitha Maatram – “Existence alone”. This is where we began with the definition of the term Sat. 

Second Level: Guna Rahitam – “without any properties”. Being Pure Existence the implication is it is not an object and so it cannot have any properties. 

Third Level: Indriya Agocharam – “not graspable by the senses”. Since it is not an object, it is something that cannot be perceived by the senses. 

Fourth Level: Sarva Gatam – “present in everything”. If it is not within the range of our senses, then it has to be something that pervades everything, i.e. it has to be Infinite in nature. 

Fifth Level: Ekam – “One”. If it is all-pervading and infinite, then logically it has to be one whole, that is omnipresent. 

Sixth Level: Advaitam  – “without a second”. There can only be one Infinite. This understanding  rules out the possibility of there being anything else other than the pure, unborn, changeless SATH. So there cannot be another existence, SATH 2.!!! 

Without a steady, spotless screen behind the everchanging play of lights and shades, there cannot be a thrilling play.

Without a permanent and motionless bed, the water in a river cannot maintain their endless flow.

Without the solid and inert rails, the flying wheels of a train cannot move on.

Such screen / Bed / Rail - they are changeless, eternal TRUTH / EXISTENCE. 

A clod of earth or clay takes many shapes, jar, pot, lid and so on. All these changes are unreal or apparent, but the real nature i.e., clay-ness does not change. Clay is true and all the changed forms are untrue.  Gold is true but the variegated shapes it takes are untrue with respect the real nature of gold. In philosophy, one has to have the approach of a gold smith or a potter, but not that of the consumer.  

The moment we understand and live in the realization that the Self is unborn and beginning less, and that It is not concerned with decaying and perishable matter, we have gained all that has to be gained, and known all that has to be known. Such an individual of True Realization becomes himself the “Lord-of-the worlds”.

Love.